Jimmy Wales - Founder of Wikipedia.org
Most IoT solutions consist of sensors and other data generators that communicate with centralized infrastructure that can be situated on-site or on a public cloud. The devices usually communicate with a separate data collector or gateway router rather than directly with the database, but this is not always required.
Once the data is in primary storage, it can be analyzed and visualized in real-time or in batches.
To bridge data from sensors to the internet, two technologies are needed:
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Collecting data is simple and once it is stored the complexity of its processing depends on what information you are collecting. E.g. when incoming data is temperature then data processing is done to probably check whether it is within an expected range or to create graphs that display the temperature changes over time.
Once the data is collected and obtained to this step via your pre-set connectivity, then it is all logic to process this data. Based on the data that you are collecting, the processing of this will be dependent. For example, if your incoming data is temperature then the probable example for data processing is to check whether it is within a permissible limit or not.
Local processing devices can be used to store and process the data before it is sent to the database this is sometimes referred to as Edge or Fog Computing. Only relevant data winds up in the storage avoiding the impracticality of filling it up with something that has no practical purpose and also saving network bandwidth in the process.
Local processing devices are the second and third level in IoT. At this point, data is locally stored and processed, ideally not sent forwards unless relevant. This part is explained in detail in the hardware section, as said devices are nothing more than microcontrollers and embedded boards, which handle the data they receive from the sensors
Connectivity forms the major part, as the data collected in the step above needs to be sent out to a step where it can be processed and a thoughtful decision can be made out of that data. These devices may all be connected to the Cloud via various methods such as WiFi, Cellular Satellite, Bluetooth, LAN, WAN etc. Each of these has its own set of pros and cons, that needs to be thought over before setting up the IoT system altogether. There is hardware which connects to the previously described devices, pulls out data and sends it to the cloud to be stored. There are 4 protocols used at this level: CoAP, MQTT a less secure and designed for machine to machine communication, HTTP web protocol and XMPP which functions as a chat.
In the cloud, which comes next, data is collected and the main goal is for it to reach the point of making predictions based on the stored information. The cloud however, even though it represents one of the most useful features of the internet, is not used properly. Data sent to the cloud didn't reach the level of being formerly processed. Which means there is no preselected data. The cloud is constantly loaded with irrelevant information and thus losing it's property of being practical.
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